Title: Modernity and Postmodernism
Subject: Structuralism and Deconstruction
Date: 5,4,24
<aside> 💡 Key Points:
Write it after the class
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<aside> ✏️ Notes: also check Week 1:
Main lecture notes
Modernity-
18th century
Agricultural production
Marxsist approach
Means of production and relation between between all the means of production
Age of reason and age of science modernity
Rationality and faith
They wanted to prove God’s existence in a rational way
Impossible to accept metaphsical
Dogma
Kant struggling with science- philosophy defeated religions?
17-18-19 century philosophy vs science
Science won
In post modernism- there is no subjective reality even science was atacked
Human reason is the ultimate guide
Atatürk’s line
He meant modern science
anachronism
Power of human reason
Phsical existence
reasoning
Discovery of the unknown*
Dark parts?
Human fear of the unknown
For the modernist religions not different from mythologies
Torch - Reasoning means light
Intratextual part of the text- structure the form
Objectivity
Freud claimed man is irrational (like darwin) our irrational rules our lives
Our desires, our ambitions determine our lives
There is no good or evil but representations
Nietche father of post modernity
-Structuralim
Modern approach
French antropologist
We have nature and culture. Everything must be natural or cultural. Cultural is man made.
Man is natural man is civilized but women irrational, emotional so they are uncivilized.
Incest is a taboo even in tribal cultures. So it is universal so it should be natural but also cultural?
Moral code
Structuralist approach
Structure is universal even though setting, characters etc are differentiate.
All the myths are based on some rules -Morphology of Fairytale
Homecoming as a victorious hero is universal
Diachronic analysis*
Language is a symbiotic system?
Language must be analyzed
Saussrean linguistic signify signification
Saussre says we have signs. Word itself a sign. A Tree and a Horse
There is a natural signification between signify and signified. Plato etc
Relation between them is natural.
Mimetic theory
Does God exist or not? Signification (IS NOT ARBITRARY) ?
Problem of sexual identity of man? Man and Woman
Lacan followers says male and female. Manhood and womanhood is cultural. It is not natural
Arbitrary not biologhically
When something is cultural you don’t have to accept it.
Structures must be analyzed
Arbitrariness
Is language arbitrary? yep
Language is not natural he claims
Particular languages but universal faculty of language?
Is english universal? no
2 exception onomatephea and interjactions?
synronic approach?
Write it during the class
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<aside> 📎 Summary:
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“I think therefore I am” thus becomes the only solid foundation upon which knowledge and a theory of knowledge can be built. For Descartes, the rational essence freed from supersition, human passions, and one’s often irrational imagination allows humankind to discover truth about physical world.
Through reason and science, all poverty, ignorance, and injustice would finally be banished.
Benjamin Franklin declares that he pulled himself up by his own bootstaps” overcoming poverty and ignorance throug education.
Self assured, self-conscious and self made all people possess an essential nature. It is humanity’s moral duty to investigate this nature contained within ourselves and also to investigate our environment through rational thinking and the methods of science so that we can learn and share truths of the universe.
Modernity’s core characteristics are as follow:
What is truth? How can truth be discovered? What is reality? Is there an objective reality on which we can all agree? If so, how can we best investigate this reality so that all humanity can understand the world in which we live and prosper from such knowledge? What is the masculine scientific rationality? and The feminine artistic intuition?